Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Univ. of Chicago Pr., 1996.

Aristotle, Francis Bacon, and René Descartes, selections on the methods of science (1up for viewing, 2up for printing)

Bertrand Russell, “On Induction,” ch. 6 of The Problems of Philosophy (1up for viewing, 2up for printing)

Karl Popper, some quotations on falsification and corroboration from Unended Quest (Open Court, 1976), from “The Bucket and the Searchlight,” an appendix to Objective Knoweldge (Oxford, 1972), and from The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Basic Books, 1959)—on Canvas

Albert Einstein, “Geometry and Experience,” from Sidelights on Relativity (Methuen, 1922)—on Canvas

Karl Popper, “Back to the Pre-Socratics,” §§3-7, 11-12, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, n.s. vol. 59 (1958-59), pp. 3-8, 18-24—on JSTOR at 4544602

Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, “Studies in the Logic of Explanation,” Philosophy of Science, vol. 15 (1948), pp. 135-175—on JSTOR at 185169

Carl G. Hempel, “The Function of General Laws in History,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 39 (1942), pp. 35-48—on JSTOR at 2017635

Wesley Salmon, “Explaining Things Probabilistically,” The Monist, vol. 84 (2001), pp. 208-217—on JSTOR at 27903724

Philip Kitcher, “Two Approaches to Explanation,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 82 (1985), pp. 632-639—on JSTOR at 2026419

Philip Kitcher, “Explanatory Unification,” §2 (sels.), §§3-4 Philosophy of Science, vol. 48 (1981), pp. 510, 512-515—on JSTOR at 186834

Bas van Fraassen, “The Pragmatics of Explanation,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 14 (1977), pp. 143-150—on JSTOR at 20009661

Herbert Feigl, “The ‘Orthodox’ View of Theories,” in Michael Radner & Stephen Winokur (eds.), Theories & Methods of Physics and Psychology, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 4 (Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1970), pp. 3-16—on MSPS site (in vol. 4 with end of bibliography attached to next article) at http://www.mcps.umn.edu

Patrick Suppes, “A Comparison of the Meaning and Uses of Models in Mathematics and the Empirical Sciences,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 14 (1977), pp. 143-150—on JSTOR at 20114347

Gilbert Harman, “The Inference to the Best Explanation,” The Philosophical Review, vol. 74 (1965), pp. 88-95—on JSTOR at 2183532

Ronald Giere, “Testing Theoretical Hypotheses,” in John Earman (ed.), Testing Scientific Theories, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 10 (Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1983), pp. 269-296—on MSPS site at http://www.mcps.umn.edu

Wesley Salmon, “Bayes’s Theorem and History of Science,” in Roger Stuewer (ed.), Historical & Philosophical Perspectives of Science, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 5 (Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1970), pp. 68-86—on MSPS site at http://www.mcps.umn.edu

John Norton, “The Hole Argument,” §§1-3, Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, 1988, vol. 2, pp. 56-59—on JSTOR at 192871

Henry Margenau, “Reality in Quantum Mechanics,” Philosophy of Science, vol. 16 (1949), pp. 287-302—on JSTOR at 185069

N. David Mermin, “Is the moon there when nobody looks?” Physics Today, vol. 38 (1985), pp. 38-47—on EBSCO at AN 5460139

Paul Teller, “Relational Holism and Quantum Mechanics,” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, vol. 37 (1986), pp. 71-81—on JSTOR at 686998

Alex Rosenberg, “Reductionism in a Historical Science,” Philosophy of Science, vol. 68 (2001), pp. 135-163—on JSTOR at 3081061

Philip Kitcher, “Species,” Philosophy of Science, vol. 51 (1984), pp. 308-333—on JSTOR at 187426

Daniel Dennett, “In Darwin's Wake, Where Am I?” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, vol. 75 (2001), pp. 13-30—on JSTOR at 3218710