Phi 242 Sp11

Reading guide for Fri. 3/25:
Berkeley, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, §§25-33, 135-145 (handout,* pp. 25-31)  
 

* Available (i) for printing, (ii) for viewing on screen, (iii) for printing as a booklet. (For the last to work you must print 2-sided, flipping on the long side.)

* You can find extra copies on the door of my office (and also, on the course website, you can find several PDF versions in different layouts).

In the material in this final assignment, Berkeley turns from the discussion of sensible things to a discussion of spirits or souls. In the first part of the assignment, the final sections of the first segment of the Principles, he discusses spirits in order to make some points about ideas while, in the group of sections from later in the work, he discusses our knowledge of spirits in its own right.

The first group of sections can itself be divided into two parts. In the first (§§25-29) he characterizes spirits, argues that they are beyond the scope of our ideas, and notes the dependence of ideas on them.

In the second group (§§29-33) he addresses consequences of the fact that our ideas are not all under our own power. Notice especially what he has to say about laws of nature and about “real things.”

Berkeley has said that spirits are beyond the reach of our ideas. In the final part of this assignment (§§135-145), he tries to say what our knowledge of spirits is like if it does not consist of ideas. Notice his use of the term ‘notion’. Does he have a right to use it as he does?

This assignment ends close to the end of the work as a whole. In the sections following it (§§146-156), Berkeley discusses God specifically, developing further some ideas you saw in §§29-33.