•  What leads Kuhn to hold that “there is no such thing as research without counterinstances” (pp. 77-81; the quotation is from p. 79)?

•  What is the typical first response to a theoretical anomaly (pp. 81-82)?

•  What is necessary for an anomaly to evoke a crisis (pp. 82-84)?

•  What does Kuhn claim generally about the way crises begin and what are the three ways he says they close (p. 84)?

•  How does Kuhn compare the emergence of a new paradigm to the changes of visual gestalt discussed by Hanson—and how does he distinguish the two (pp. 84-85)?

•  How does a new paradigm come about and what sorts of “extraordinary research” may lead to it (pp. 85-88)?

•  Why do discoveries proliferate in periods of extraordinary research (pp. 88-89)?

•  Who are the typical inventors of a new paradigm pp. 89-90)?

•  Note how Kuhn’s concluding comments both look back to what he has said and point to the rest of the book (pp. 90-91).