generalization
Every dog barked
Al saw only dogs
expanded to make a quantifier phrase the subject
every dog is such that (it barked)
only dogs are such that (Al saw them)
quantifier phrase
every dog
only dogs
class indicator
dog
dog
quantifier word
every
only
quantified predicate
[ _ barked]
[Al saw _ ]
Is the generalizationdirect orcomplementary?
direct
complementary
Is the generalizationaffirmative ornegative?
affirmative
negative
restricting predicate ρ
[ _ is a dog]
[¬ _ is a dog]
quantified predicate θ
[ _ barked]
[¬ Al saw _ ]
(∀x: ρx) θx
(∀x: x is a dog) x barked
(∀x: ¬ x is a dog) ¬ Al saw x