7.1.x. Exercise questions

1. In the sentences below underline all individual terms and quantifier phrases, and any pronouns that have such expressions as antecedents. Distinguish individual terms and quantifier phrases by marking them T or Q and indicate what antecedents any pronouns are bound to—as in the following example:
       
             
Annsenta packagetoBillbuthehasn’t receivedit
T Q T    
  a. Ann saw a movie and told Bill about it.
  b. Tim watched a dance troop from India.
  c. If anyone backs out, they will get a refund.
  d. Dave called everyone he knew.
  e. Every dog in the kennel was barking.
  f. Bill heard something and Carol heard it, too.
  g. Tim watched a dance troop from the balcony.
2. Check the sentences below for any ambiguity that may be traced to the order in which quantifier phrases have been applied; when more than one interpretation is possible, bring out the differences by means of expansion and indicate which of the interpretations imply which others.
  a. Everyone works toward some goal.
  b. Each member of the committee read each application.
  c. Someone eats at a restaurant every day.
3. For each of the following generalizations, take the following preliminary steps in its analysis: (i) pull the main quantifier phrase out of the quantified predicate through a restatement using is such that and mark the class indicator, (ii) describe the sort of thing that would count as a counterexample to the generalization, and (iii) determine whether the generalization is affirmative or negative and whether it is direct or complementary.
  a. Every book was checked out.
  b. Kathy spoke to each guest.
  c. No one in the lobby had seen the package before the explosion.
  d. Tod carefully noted everything he saw in the room.
  e. No one who was familiar with both France and Germany was surprised.
  f. The committee accepted only entries submitted before the deadline.
4. The generalizations below have quantifier phrases that make essential use of emphasis (marked here by underlining) to indicate the bounds on the generalization. Restate them so that these bounds are explicitly indicated. For example, Only patient children will complete the puzzle could be paraphrased by Among children, only patient ones will complete the puzzle.
  a. Only new commercial vehicles are covered by the regulation.
  b. Only French composers of the early Baroque used that device.
  c. All but emergency vehicles were banned from the park.
  d. Only new commercial vehicles are covered by the regulation.
  e. Sam eats all but orange jelly beans.
  f. Only new commercial vehicles are covered by the regulation.
5. In each case below, use the information given about a generalization to determine its domain and attribute. Also, state such a generalization in English.
  a. type: direct and affirmative
class indicator: road
quantified predicate: [ _ is finished]
  b. type: direct and negative
class indicator: road
quantified predicate: [ _ is finished]
  c. type: complementary and negative
class indicator: road
quantified predicate: [ _ is finished]
  d. type: direct and affirmative
class indicator: road
quantified predicate: [ _ is finished]
class of exceptions: urban freeways
  e. type: direct and negative
class indicator: road
quantified predicate: [ _ is well-maintained]
class of exceptions: urban freeways
  f. type: direct and affirmative
class indicator: roads
quantified predicate: [ _ is finished]
bounding class: federal projects
class of exceptions: urban freeways
  g. type: direct and negative
class indicator: dentists
quantified predicate: [ _ frowned]
bounding class: alumni
class of exceptions: orthodontists
Glen Helman 19 Jul 2012