3. Negations

3.1. Not: contradicting content

3.1.0. Overview

In this chapter, we direct our attention to negation, the second of the logical forms we will consider.

3.1.1. Connectives
Negation is a way of forming sentences from sentences, so it is a connective even though it does not serve to connect sentences.

3.1.2. Contradictory propositions
The meaning of negation is closely tied to the idea of a pair of sentences being contradictory.

3.1.3. Negation in English
Although not is the chief way of expressing negation is English, there are others.

3.1.4. Negated conjunctions and conjoined negations
When we combine negation with conjunction, we obtain a wide range of further forms, some of them important enough to deserve names.

3.1.5. Some sample analyses
Analyzing sentences may involve recognizing not only the presence of negation and conjunction but also the way they are combined.