When the word else appears as a modifier in a quantifier phrase, it is used to restrict the domain by excluding some previously mentioned object. An existential quantifier phrase modified by it thus claims the existence of a new example.

The same sort of restriction can be used to express a variety of numerical quantifier phrases. For example, at least 2 things amounts to something and something else, and at least 3 things amounts to something and something else and something other than those two. Still other numerical claims can be reached by truth-functional compounding—at most n by denying at least n+1 and exactly n by conjoining claims stated with at least n and at most n.

It is also possible to express Exactly 1 thing is such that (… it …) by Something is such that (… it … and nothing else does) or—equivalently, in a way that illustrates, among other things, a principle of contraposition)—by Something is such that (… it … and it is all that does).