1. | Use derivations to check each of the claims below; if a derivation indicates that a claim fails, present a counterexample that divides an open gap. Since d is a claim of tautologousness, it is established by a derivation that begins with only a goal and no initial premises. | |
a. | A → B ⇔ ¬ A ∨ B | |
b. | (A ∧ B) → C ⇔ A → C | |
c. | (A → B) ∧ (B → C) ⇔ A → C | |
d. | ⇒ ((A → B) → A) → A |
2. | Construct derivations for each of the following. These exercises are designed to make attachment rules often useful. The derivations can be constructed for the English sentences in e-g without first analyzing them since you generally need to recognize only the main connective and the immediate connectives in order to know what rules apply; however, the abbreviated notation provided by an analysis may be more convenient. | ||
a. | (A ∧ B) → C, (C ∨ D) → E, A, B ⇒ E | ||
b. | (A ∨ ¬ B) → C ⇒ ¬ C → B | ||
c. | ¬ (A ∧ B), B ∨ C, D → ¬ C ⇒ A → ¬ D | ||
d. | C → ¬ (A ∨ B), E ∨ ¬ (D ∧ ¬ C), D ⇒ A → E | ||
e. |
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g. |
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