1. | a. |
Ann introduced Bill to Carol [λxyz (x introduced y to z)] Ann Bill Carol
Iabc
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b. |
Ann gave the book to either Bill or Carol Ann gave the book to Bill ∨ Ann gave the book to Carol [λxyz (x gave y to z)] Ann the book Bill ∨ [λxyz (x gave y to z)] Ann the book Carol
Gakb ∨ Gakc
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c. |
Ann gave the book to Bill and he gave it to Carol Ann gave the book to Bill ∧ Bill gave the book to Carol [λxyz (x gave y to z)] Ann the book Bill ∧ [λxyz (x gave y to z)] Bill the book Carol
Gakb ∧ Gbkc
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d. |
Tom had the package sent to Sue, but it was returned to him Tom had the package sent to Sue ∧ the package was returned to Tom [λxyz (x had y sent to z)] Tom the package Sue ∧ [λxy (x was returned to y)] the package Tom
Htps ∧ Rpt
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e. |
Georgia will see Ed if she gets to Denver before Saturday Georgia will see Ed ← Georgia will get to Denver before Saturday [λxy (x will see y)] Georgia Ed ← [λxyz (x will get to y before z)] Georgia Denver Saturday
Sge ← Ggds
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f. |
If the murderer is either the butler or the nephew, then I’m Sherlock Holmes the murderer is either the butler or the nephew → I’m Sherlock Holmes (the murderer is the butler ∨ the murderer is the nephew) → I = Sherlock Holmes (the murderer = the butler ∨ the murderer = the nephew) → i = s
(m = b ∨ m = n) → i = s
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g. |
Neither Ann nor Bill saw Tom speak to either Mike or Nancy ¬ (Ann saw Tom speak to either Mike or Nancy ∨ Bill saw Tom speak to either Mike or Nancy) ¬ ((Ann saw Tom speak to Mike ∨ Ann saw Tom speak to Nancy) ∨ (Bill saw Tom speak to Mike ∨ Bill saw Tom speak to Nancy)) ¬ (([λxyz (x saw y speak to z)] Ann Tom Mike ∨ [λxyz (x saw y speak to z)] Ann Tom Nancy) ∨ ([λxyz (x saw y speak to z)] Bill Tom Mike ∨ [λxyz (x saw y speak to z)] Bill Tom Nancy))
¬ ((Satm ∨ Satn) ∨ (Sbtm ∨ Sbtn))
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h. |
Tom will agree if each of Ann, Bill, and Carol asks him Tom will agree ← each of Ann, Bill, and Carol will ask Tom Tom will agree ← ((Ann will ask Tom ∧ Bill will ask Tom) ∧ Carol will ask Tom) [λx (x will agree)] Tom ← (([λxy (x will ask y)] Ann Tom ∧ [λxy (x will ask y)] Bill Tom) ∧ [λxy (x will ask y)] Carol Tom)
Gt ← ((Aat ∧ Abt) ∧ Act)
The function of each here is to indicate a group of two-place predication rather than a single four-place predicate λxyzw (x, y, and z will ask w), which is what would be required in order to express instead the idea of Ann, Bill, and Carol making the request as a group. |
2. | a. |
[λxy (x is west of y)] Crawfordsville Indianapolis
Crawfordsville is west of Indianapolis ∧ Crawfordsville is south of Lafayette Crawfordsville is west of Indianapolis and south of Lafayette |
b. |
[λxy (x has met y)] Ann Bill → [λxy (x has met y)] Bill Ann
Ann has met Bill → Bill has met Ann If Ann has met Bill then he has met her |
c. |
[λxyz (x introduced y to z)] Alice Clarice Boris
Alice introduced Clarice to Boris ∧ Alice introduced Doris to Boris Alice introduced Clarice and Doris to Boris |
d. |
[λxy (x wrote to y)] Alice Boris
Alice wrote to Boris ∧ Alice asked Boris to write Alice about Boris Alice wrote to Boris ∧ Alice asked Boris to write her about himself Alice wrote to Boris and asked him to write her about himself |
e. |
g = c → (f = s ∧ p = t) Green Bay = the city → (football = the sport ∧ the Packers = the team) Green Bay is the city → (football is the sport ∧ the Packers are the team) Green Bay is the city → football is the sport and the Packers are the team If Green Bay is the city, then football is the sport and the Packers are the team |