The format of this exam will be like the first—i.e., a mixture of essays of varying length—but, since the time pressure will not be as great, you expect a somewhat greater proportion of the essays will be longer.

The following are topics which you should prepare. The actual questions might ask you to discuss a quotation relevant to one of the topics or to answer a question concerning one or more of the topics. I have suggested some locations in the texts that are especially relevant to each topic, but these are not the only places worth looking at.

Locke

sensation and reflection—Essay, 2.1.3-4 (i.e., bk. II, ch. 1, §§3-4)

primary vs. secondary qualities—Essay, 2.8.10-11

abstract ideas—Essay, 2.11.9, 3.3.6-9, 4.7.9

mixed modes—Essay, 2.12.5, 2.22 (especially §9), 3.5 (esp. §12)

substance—Essay, 2.12.6, 2.23 (esp. §§1-2)

real vs. nominal essence—Essay, 3.3 §§15, 18; 3.4.3; 3.6 §§2-3, 7, 9, 28-29

intuitive, demonstrative, and sensitive knowledge—Essay, 4.2 §§1, 2, 14

Berkeley

general vs. abstract general ideas—Treatise, intro. §12

“Esse is Percipi” (i.e., “to be is to be perceived”)—Treatise, §3 (also §23)

idea vs. notion of spirit—Treatise, §§139f (also §§25, 27)

Hume

impressions vs. ideas—Enquiry, §2 ¶3 (i.e., paragraph 3 of sect. 2)

relations of ideas and matters of fact—Enquiry, §4 ¶¶1-2 (also §12 ¶34, the last ¶)

constant conjunction, habit or custom, and cause and effect—Enquiry, §§4-5

belief—Enquiry, §5 ¶11 (2nd ¶ of pt. 2)

necessary connection—Enquiry, §7 ¶28 (3rd ¶ of pt. 2)

liberty and necessity—Enquiry, §8, esp. ¶23 (3rd ¶ from the end of pt. 1)

Kant

a priori vs. empirical (or a posteriori)—Prolegomena, §1

analytic vs. synthetic—Prolegomena, §2

pure intuition and form of sensibility—Prolegomena, §§7, 9

phenomena (or appearances) vs. noumena (or things in themselves)—Prolegomena, §§11, 32, 45

judgments of perception vs. judgments of experience—Prolegomena, §18, 20

categories (i.e., pure concepts of the understanding)—Prolegomena, §§21, 39

principles of pure natural science—Prolegomena, §§21, 23-26 (also §15)

ideas (or concepts of reason)—Prolegomena, §§44, 56 (also §§46ff, 50ff, 55)

regulative (vs. constitutive) principles—Prolegomena, §§44, 46, 56

antinomies—Prolegomena, §51 (also §§52-54)