In preparing for the exam, secure your understanding of each of the concepts, distinctions, and groups of related concepts below. In particular:
• For each item, be able to supply (as appropriate) a short definition, explanation of a distinction, or account of the relation between concepts.
• When related topics are listed for two philosophers, be able to compare their views in connection with these topics.
The exam will consist of essay questions that you can answer on the basis of your understanding of these ideas. Some questions may ask you simply to explain an idea; others will ask you about the relations among two or more ideas. You can expect some freedom of choice in the questions you answer but not enough to enable you to safely ignore more than a few items on this list.
In formulating this list, I have chosen terms or phrases that appear in the text, but some appear more prominently than others. If, as you are studying, you have any doubt about what I have in mind or where discussions of these ideas appear, I’ll be happy to supply more information.
Topics
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Hart • varieties of justice Hohfeld • “right” in the four senses: claim, liberty (or privilege), power, and immunity • correlatives and opposites to the senses of “right” Rawls • retributive vs. utilitarian view of punishment • summary vs. practice conception of rules Mill • Mill’s harm principle (he doesn’t use this label for it) • self-regarding actions Greenawalt • warranted vs. unwarranted behavior • duress • objective and general vs. subjective and individual • rights of defense, intervention, and support Fletcher • paradigms of reciprocity and reasonableness • non-reciprocal risk-taking • compulsion and unavoidable ignorance |
Posner • wealth vs. utility • hypothetical market • utility monster Kronman • advantage-taking • principle of paretianism Grotius • sociability • natural law, law of nations, and municipal (or civil) law Kelsen • monism vs. dualism regarding national (i.e., municipal) and international law • primacy of national or international law Hart • need for and possibility of organized sanctions in municipal and international law • voluntarist (or autolimitation) theories of international law • international law vs. morality Naticchia and Buchanan • justice-based vs. pragmatic account of recognitional legitimacy • minimal justice |